{"id":21451,"date":"2025-05-09T12:47:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T11:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kral-production.cz\/?p=21451"},"modified":"2025-12-14T17:24:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T17:24:53","slug":"trip-do-italie-7-cast-innsbruck","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/?p=21451","title":{"rendered":"Trip do It\u00e1lie &#8211; 7. \u010d\u00e1st &#8211; Innsbruck"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>9. 5. 2025 &#8211; Innsbruck, Rakousko<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00ed zast\u00e1vkou na\u0161\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 bylo rakousk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Innsbruck, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto rakousk\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b Tyrolsko. Le\u017e\u00ed v \u00fadol\u00ed Innu, v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Alp, asi 30 km severn\u011b od Brennersk\u00e9ho pr\u016fsmyku, nejsch\u016fdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesty do It\u00e1lie.<br \/>\nM\u00edsto je os\u00eddleno kolem 3000 let, co\u017e dokazuj\u00ed n\u00e1lezy z mlad\u0161\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9 a urny s ostatky z doby bronzov\u00e9. Ve 4. stolet\u00ed po Kristu vznikla v dne\u0161n\u00edm Wiltenu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 pevnost Vedildena, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla ochr\u00e1nit \u0159\u00edmskou cestu spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Veronu s Brennersk\u00fdm pr\u016fsmykem a \u0158eznem. V obdob\u00ed st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f pevnost v 6. stolet\u00ed zanikla. Dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00eddla jsou zn\u00e1ma jako Ambras, H\u00f6tting a M\u00fchlau. Roku 1138 byl zalo\u017een kl\u00e1\u0161ter premonstr\u00e1t\u016f Wilten, kter\u00fd provozoval p\u0159evoz p\u0159es \u0159eku Inn. Koncem 12. stolet\u00ed zde vznikla osada p\u0159i mostu a p\u0159ed rokem 1205 dostala osada m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Vliv osady rychle rostl, proto\u017ee kontrolovala obchodn\u00ed stezku do It\u00e1lie.<br \/>\nHrab\u011b Berchtold V. zde roku 1170 zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed tr\u017enici, naz\u00fdvanou nejd\u0159\u00edve Insprucke, co\u017e bylo odvozeno z latinsk\u00e9ho Oenipontum nebo Oeni pons a dodnes Innsbruck, v p\u0159ekladu most na Innu. Mezi l\u00e9ty 1187 a 1205 obdr\u017eel trh m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a z celn\u00edch poplatk\u016f za obchodn\u00ed cestu do It\u00e1lie jeho v\u00fdznam a zisk zna\u010dn\u011b rostl. V roce 1267 vznikla m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pe\u010de\u0165 a znak m\u011bsta vid\u011bn\u00e9ho z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy. M\u011bsto rostlo pomalu, proto\u017ee pozemky pat\u0159ily kl\u00e1\u0161teru ve Wiltenu a bylo t\u0159eba je poka\u017ed\u00e9 sm\u011bnit. Roku 1281 bylo m\u011bsto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno o Nov\u00e9 m\u011bsto (dne\u0161n\u00ed oblast ulice Marie Terezie).<br \/>\nCesta p\u0159es Brenner byla roku 1300 zpevn\u011bna a opevn\u011bna, tak\u017ee j\u00ed mohly proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt i ko\u010d\u00e1ry, co\u017e byla konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda oproti ostatn\u00edm pr\u016fsmyk\u016fm jako nap\u0159\u00edklad sousedn\u00ed Via Rosia nebo Via Claudia Augusta, kde je\u0161t\u011b dlouho slou\u017eili k p\u0159eprav\u011b mezci. T\u00e9ho\u017e roku byly zalo\u017eeny prvn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 nemocnice na dne\u0161n\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Adolfa Pichlera a h\u0159bitov.<br \/>\nOd roku 1420 byl Innsbruck rezidenc\u00ed tyrolsk\u00e9ho hrab\u011bte Fridricha IV. Habsbursk\u00e9ho a b\u011bhem 15. stolet\u00ed zde vznikla \u0159ada v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch staveb: Star\u00e1 radnice (1358) s m\u011bstskou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed (1450), Hofburg (1456), Ott\u016fv hr\u00e1dek (1495) a Star\u00e1 zbrojnice (kolem 1500). Roku 1485 zde inici\u00e1tor \u201eKladiva na \u010darod\u011bjnice\u201c Heinrich Institoris zah\u00e1jil \u010darod\u011bjnick\u00e9 procesy, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak byly je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e roku zastaveny.<br \/>\nOd konce 15. stolet\u00ed a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti roku 1519 zde s\u00eddlil c\u00edsa\u0159 Maxmili\u00e1n I. Habsbursk\u00fd. Sv\u00e9 s\u00eddlo sem p\u0159esunul z d\u016fvodu bl\u00edzkosti st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dol\u016f v Hallu, kde razil c\u00edsa\u0159skou minci i medaile. V letech 1503\u20131513 byl p\u0159i c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m hrad\u011b zalo\u017een dvorn\u00ed kostel (Hofkirche), v n\u011bm\u017e synovec c\u00edsa\u0159e Maxmili\u00e1na dal postavit mramorov\u00e9 mauzoleum s v\u00fdjevy z jeho \u017eivota na bronzov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch (kenotaf). Roku 1562 pozval arciv\u00e9voda Ferdinand I. Tyrolsk\u00fd spoluzakladatele \u0159\u00e1du jezuit\u016f Petra Canisia, aby zalo\u017eil jezuitsk\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zium, dne\u0161n\u00ed Akademick\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zium. Roku 1630 hrab\u011b Leopold V. zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed opern\u00ed divadlo mimo It\u00e1lii; na jeho m\u00edst\u011b stoj\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Kongresshaus.<br \/>\nTyrol\u0161t\u00ed Habsburkov\u00e9 vym\u0159eli po me\u010di \u00famrt\u00edm arciv\u00e9vody Sigmunda Franze roku 1665, kdy byl Innsbruck naposledy jejich hlavn\u00edm s\u00eddlem. D\u00edky tomu z\u016fstal gotick\u00fd a renesan\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1z m\u011bsta nezm\u011bn\u011bn. Roku 1669 zalo\u017eil c\u00edsa\u0159 Leopold I. Habsbursk\u00fd v Innsbrucku univerzitu se \u010dty\u0159mi fakultami.<br \/>\nRoku 1858 byl Innsbruck spojen \u017eeleznic\u00ed s Mnichovem a 1867 vznikla \u017eeleznice p\u0159es Brennersk\u00fd pr\u016fsmyk do It\u00e1lie. Roku 1912 byla \u017eeleznice prodlou\u017eena a\u017e do Garmisch-Partenkirchenu.<br \/>\nNa konci prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byl Innsbruck obsazen italsk\u00fdmi jednotkami, kter\u00e9 odt\u00e1hly a\u017e roku 1924. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byl Innsbruck 22kr\u00e1t bombardov\u00e1n spojeneck\u00fdmi jednotkami. 16. prosince 1944 byl t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen dvorn\u00ed kostel. Jako jedno z m\u00e1la rakousk\u00fdch m\u011bst byl Innsbruck ke konci v\u00e1lky obsazen americk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky bylo m\u011bsto za\u0159azeno do francouzsk\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3ny.<\/p>\nngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9. 5. 2025 &#8211; Innsbruck, Rakousko Posledn\u00ed zast\u00e1vkou na\u0161\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 bylo rakousk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Innsbruck, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto rakousk\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 zem\u011b Tyrolsko. Le\u017e\u00ed v \u00fadol\u00ed Innu, v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Alp, asi 30 km severn\u011b od Brennersk\u00e9ho pr\u016fsmyku, nejsch\u016fdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesty do It\u00e1lie. M\u00edsto je os\u00eddleno kolem 3000 let, co\u017e dokazuj\u00ed n\u00e1lezy z mlad\u0161\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9 a urny s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,11],"tags":[59,32,25],"class_list":["post-21451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","category-vylety-do-mest","tag-architektura","tag-cestovani-2","tag-mesta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21451"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22245,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21451\/revisions\/22245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kral-production.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}